![]() They correspond to nouns in -arch for a person or people who rule or command in that way. Words in -archy are abstract nouns for types of government, leadership, or social influence or organization. Government rule of a particular type a chief or ruler. Many forms ending in -cracy have been coined, though only a small number are at all well known most can mean either a system of influence or rule or a society o ruled, as with democracy, rule through elected representatives a few can also refer to the rulers as a group, as with aristocracy (Greek aristos, best), rule by members of the highest social class. cracy Also -crat, -cratic, and -cratical. Michael Quinion, Ologies and Isms: Word Beginnings and Endings (Oxford, 2002) has this to say about the suffixes: Today both -archy and -cracy are centrally associated with the idea of ruling. The institutionalization of the democratic process of accountable government is a prerequisite for polyarchy, although the establishment of a regime as a fully fledged democracy is not.According to Liddell & Scott, An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon (1889), the root word κρατος ( kratos) in ancient Greek meant " strength, might"-and more generally, " power" or " rule, sway, sovereignty." The same lexicon reports that αρχη ( arche) meant "a beginning, origin, first cause," but also " the first place or power, sovereignty, dominion, command." The Greek roots thus have considerable overlap, but the connotations of αρχη may have included a stronger sense of hereditary or historical primacy than those of κρατος. Hence, in Dahl’s view, the extent to which those societal actors can and do operate autonomously, as well as independently from the state, will enhance the democratic quality of a polity.Ĭentral to the adequate functioning of polyarchy is not only the existence and operation of institutions but also the existence of societal groups and adequate space for them to maneuver and organize. Therefore, public power is essential, and authority is effectively controlled by societal organizations and civil associations (e.g., interest groups and political parties). ![]() Polyarchy, as presented by Dahl, should be understood as a process by which a set of institutions that comes close to what one could call the ideal type of democracy is developed. ![]() The concept of polyarchy is Dahl’s attempt to develop an empirical definition of democratization as well as to elaborate a set of normative criteria for deciding whether or not a political system can be counted as a democracy. Polyarchy, which means “rule by many,” describes the process of democratization, in contrast to democracy itself.Ĭentral to any definition of democracy is electoral representation by means of free elections and representative government. Polyarchy, concept coined by the American political scientist Robert Dahl to denote the acquisition of democratic institutions within a political system that leads to the participation of a plurality of actors. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.
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